What procedure is performed to examine the colon for abnormalities?

The procedure used to examine the colon for abnormalities is a colonoscopy. This involves the insertion of a flexible tube equipped with a camera, known as a colonoscope, into the rectum and through the colon. It allows for direct visualization of the colonic mucosa, enabling healthcare providers to identify any abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or tumors. Additionally, during a colonoscopy, the examiner has the capability to perform biopsies or remove polyps if necessary, making it a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

In contrast, a CT scan is an imaging technique that provides detailed pictures of the internal structures but does not allow for direct examination of the colon. An endoscopy generally refers to the examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, primarily the esophagus and stomach, rather than the colon itself. Sigmoidoscopy, while it does allow for examination, is limited to the sigmoid colon and rectum only, thus providing a less comprehensive view of the entire colon compared to a colonoscopy.