What is the term used for Vitamin B12 deficiency due to absorption issues?

The term for Vitamin B12 deficiency that arises due to absorption issues is pernicious anemia. This condition typically occurs when the body lacks intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach that is crucial for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the intestines. Without adequate intrinsic factor, Vitamin B12 cannot be properly absorbed, leading to the deficiency that results in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues. This condition highlights the importance of intrinsic factor in the absorption process and distinguishes pernicious anemia from other types of anemia that have different causes and underlying mechanisms.

In contrast, other types of anemia listed do not involve Vitamin B12 deficiency related to absorption challenges. Folic acid anemia is related to a deficiency in folate; hemolytic anemia involves the premature destruction of red blood cells; and iron deficiency anemia is characterized by insufficient iron, typically affecting hemoglobin levels. Each type of anemia has its distinct pathophysiology, making it crucial to understand the nuances when diagnosing and treating patients.