What is a potential side effect of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic commonly prescribed for the management of hypertension and edema. One of the prominent side effects of HCTZ is hypokalemia, which refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. This occurs because HCTZ works by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys, but it also increases the excretion of potassium. As a result, patients on HCTZ can experience a significant drop in potassium levels if not monitored or supplemented as necessary.

Patients prescribed HCTZ may need regular monitoring of their electrolyte levels, especially potassium, to prevent complications related to hypokalemia, which can lead to muscle weakness, cramping, and, in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this potential side effect and manage it accordingly to ensure patient safety.