What condition can be indicated by alpha fetoprotein screening during pregnancy?

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening during pregnancy is a blood test that measures the level of AFP, a protein produced by the fetal liver. Elevated levels of AFP can indicate potential issues in fetal development. Specifically, an increased AFP level is primarily associated with neural tube defects, which include spina bifida, a condition where the spinal column does not close completely around the spinal cord.

Identifying elevated levels of AFP is particularly important because it allows for early diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis, to evaluate the fetus for these congenital conditions. In contrast, while the other conditions mentioned—Down syndrome, gestational diabetes, and fetal growth restriction—are significant health concerns during pregnancy, they are not typically indicated by elevated AFP levels and are assessed through different screening methods or clinical evaluations.